When critics point out the poverty, famine, repression, and economic stagnation that have historically accompanied communist systems, defenders often respond:
"Communism doesn't oppose private property. Just look at China."
The argument sounds persuasive until you examine what actually happened.
China is not evidence that communism works.
China is evidence that communism failed badly enough that its leaders were forced to retreat from some of its core economic principles.
For decades after the communist revolution, China attempted to organize society according to Marxist principles. The results were catastrophic. Central planning distorted production, destroyed incentives, and contributed to widespread poverty. The Great Leap Forward alone became one of the deadliest man-made disasters in human history.
The turning point came when Chinese leaders gradually allowed greater room for private enterprise, profit, investment, and market activity.
In other words, prosperity began to emerge not because China became more communist, but because it became less communist.
This is the irony that many defenders miss.
The most productive sectors of the Chinese economy are not examples of communist economics succeeding. They are examples of market mechanisms succeeding despite the continued presence of an authoritarian communist state.
The lesson is not that communism and capitalism are secretly the same thing.
The lesson is that reality imposes constraints on ideology.
A society can denounce profit, but it still needs production.
It can denounce property rights, but it still needs investment.
It can denounce markets, but it still needs a way to coordinate billions of economic decisions.
Eventually, reality demands concessions.
China's leaders discovered what countless governments before them discovered: prosperity requires incentives, ownership, investment, and trade. The more they permitted these things, the more wealth their country generated.
This creates an uncomfortable contradiction for communist advocates.
If China's success is evidence for communism, then why did that success accelerate only after market reforms were introduced?
Why do defenders constantly point to the least communist aspects of China's economy as proof that communism works?
The answer is simple.
Because the evidence points in the opposite direction.
China's economic growth does not demonstrate the strength of communist economics. It demonstrates the necessity of the principles communism was originally designed to abolish.
Pointing to China's market reforms as proof communism works is like pointing to a life raft as proof the ship isn't sinking.
The life raft is evidence that someone recognized a problem and tried to survive it.
Likewise, China's embrace of markets is not proof that communist economics succeeded.
It is proof that communist economics encountered reality and was forced to make concessions.
