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The work culture that is German, something about France too

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As for Canada, “Justice Minister defends house arrest power for people feared to commit a hate crime in future.

The post The work culture that is German, something about France too appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.

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gangsterofboats
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Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? (Warhammer edition)

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“When even Warhammer nerds leave the battlefield, isn’t it time the anti-woke mob laid down their arms?”, writes Jasper Jackson in the Guardian Observer. Mr Jackson starts by introducing himself as a Warhammer player. I shall likewise declare my interest by introducing myself as a former payer of mighty sums to buy Warhammer kits for a member of my family. I was aware enough of the game to smugly chide the Observer sub-editors for failing to distinguish between Warhammer 40K and proper Warhammer. (I was promptly de-smugged by the discovery that someone has gone and changed the Eldar into Aeldari without telling me. What brought that on, then, an attack of elite T’au copyright lawyers?)

I digress. Mr Jackson continues,

But in recent weeks the sprawling Warhammer fandom has been enveloped in a dramatic controversy – or at least you would think so, from some news headlines.

“It’s Wokehammer! Games Workshop engulfed in gender row with fans after it said Warhammer squadron that was previously thought of as men-only has ‘always had females’,” screamed one MailOnline headline. What had prompted these claims of outrage was Games Workshop introducing a new female character into one of its science fantasy games, Warhammer 40,000. The character in question was part of a group of genetically engineered warriors called Custodes, which had, so far, not had any women models in it – but, according to Games Workshop, had always been included in the weighty narrative “lore” of the game.

The Mail had seen a number of tweets complaining about it, such as one from a games designer saying that Games Workshop was “‘gender flipping’ characters for ‘woke points’”. This was portrayed as a widespread backlash from fans. But, as a fan who frequently browses message boards for tips on playing and painting, or to look at interesting bits of background dug up by people who have bothered to read the many books published about the various Warhammer universes, my experience has been quite different.

If you actually look at the online spaces where fans of the games discuss the hobby they love, most don’t seem very bothered.

I commend the Mr Jasper’s eschewal of sensationalism. But as a pitch for an Observer piece, “most don’t seem very bothered” has its limitations. Eight paragraphs to learn that Reddit slumbers. What, I started to wonder, is this article for? In the ninth paragraph, I found out:

But where once those getting angry about changes bringing greater inclusivity might have been the overwhelming majority, this time they seem at best a vocal minority. That this is the mood on Reddit is even more surprising, given that the social network was once one of the primary breeding grounds for Gamergate, the toxic online movement of 2014-15 that spewed hate towards women with the temerity to create, play, enjoy and critique video games.

Despite not being a Warhammerer myself, I do have an alternative hypothesis to offer Mr Jackson as to why Gamergate exploded and Custogate fizzled: it is that people react differently to things that are different.

BONUS OVERNIGHT MUSINGS: The reason why the Warhammer community finds the retconning of the Custodes order to include females to be, at most1, slightly annoying in a “Put a chick in it and make her gay” kind of way, is that “Custodian Calladyce Taurovalia Kesh” is just one new character in a sprawling fictional ‘verse. Warhammer clearly were jumping on a bandwagon in the Orwellian way that they intoned “Since the first of the Ten Thousand were created there have always been female Custodians” despite never having previously mentioned this in the 37 years since the game was released. In addition, as someone quoted in the Daily Mail article suggested, the Sisters of Battle have a right to feel slighted2, especially given their feminist origin story: the order was created to circumvent a rule that the Ecclesiarchy was not permitted to maintain any “men under arms”. But in the end, allowing for the two nitpicks I mentioned, Warhammer’s adverts offering the Calladyce product line for sale would get four stars on eBay for the honesty of their product description.

In contrast, the whole point about Gamergate was industry-wide dishonesty in product descriptions. Jasper Jackson, who seems a nice Guardian-reading boy, thinks Gamergate was about male gamers hating female gamers, and also thinks, not entirely logically, that male gamers who hate female gamers would also hate female fictional characters appearing in their games. With those assumptions it would make sense to be pleasantly surprised that the number of woman-hating male gamers had gone down since 2014-15. The problem with that line of thought is that conclusions drawn from wrong assumptions are worthless. This summary of Gamergate given by commenter “bobby b” in 2017 was rightly praised as being far more accurate than anything you’ll find on Wikipedia:

I still get a chuckle out of how it all started – one guy who, discovering that his game-designer girlfriend was spreading her charms widely, wrote a long blog post about it, letting out the secret that her paramours were writers in the game-critique industry who were giving games high ratings for factors unrelated to the actual games (wink wink).

And then he got piled on by people defending her right to lie to him and sleep around because she was a poor repressed woman, and then they got piled on by guys saying, no, she’s a whore and so are these game critics, and then the SJW types decided all gamer-guys were nerdy neanderthals who hated women, and the fun began.

1 Or not annoying at all. In the comments below, “Agammamon” puts forth a satisfying in-universe justification for the existence of female Custodes.

2It is not wise to slight a member of the Adepta Sororitas.

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gangsterofboats
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Samizdata quote of the day – Another day, another fatuous ‘fact’ check from Reuters

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Another day, another fatuous ‘fact’ check from Reuters. This time the news agency accuses the Daily Sceptic of “cherry-picking” Arctic sea ice extent data to provide a “misleading” story. Being accused of “cherry picking” by an outfit that funds a course for journalists that encourages them to pick a fruit such as a mango and discuss why it isn’t as tasty as the year before due to climate change is beyond ridicule. Taking lectures on responsible journalism from a Net Zero-obsessed operation that has promoted a course speaker who has suggested “fines and imprisonments” for expressing scepticism about “well supported” science is laughable, if also a tad sinister.

One of the activists called to admonish the Daily Sceptic with a ‘straw man’ argument was Walt Meier, a research scientist at the National Snow and Ice Data Centre, who said: “Comparing two specific years is not an indicator for or against long-term changes”. The Daily Sceptic did not do that. Interestingly, this would appear to be the same Walt Meier whose comments on ”mind blowing” low winter levels of Antarctica sea ice last year made headlines around the world. Meier claimed at the time that it was “outside anything we have seen”. Happily, the Daily Sceptic was able to remind Meier that he had been part of a team a decade ago that cracked open the secrets of early Nimbus weather satellites and found a similar sea ice low in 1966. At the time, Meier commented that the Nimbus data show there is variability in Antarctica sea ice “that’s larger than any we have seen” since 1979.

Chris Morrison

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PowerShell: The object-oriented shell you didn't know you needed

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Economic Education Has Become Economic Disinformation

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Economic education today is, for the most part, worse than no economic education at all says economics lecturer Per Bylund. He explains himself in this guest post ...

Economic Education Has Become Economic Disinformation

by Per Bylund

Modern economics is in terrible shape. But economics education appears to be worse still. This becomes clear when discussing basic economics with those who have taken courses in the field. Rather than doing away with economic misunderstandings and outright nonsense, economics education apparently provides students with a pseudoscientific rationale for their illusions.

Two such ideas are annoyingly common. One is the view that markets can only work under perfect conditions. The other is that economic growth requires that profits tend toward zero. Yes, they are ridiculous, but they are so commonly held (and believed so strongly) that they suggest a fundamental failure of economics education. Whether or not they are explicitly taught, it is easy to see how an economics education that focuses on models rather than understanding can lead to—if not create—such misperceptions.

“Markets Only Work under Perfect Conditions”


Introductory economics courses often take the perfectly-competitive model as a starting point so as to introduce students to economic thinking. It makes sense to do it this way. By assuming away complexities, students can be introduced to the economic way of thinking, ceteris paribus reasoning, and supply-and-demand analysis.

The approach is innocent but can be counterproductive or even destructive unless students also learn that a model is merely a simplified version of (and thus different from) reality. The model is not reality, and its assumptions are not real, but because of its simplified assumptions it facilitates analysis of reality. A model is a tool.

This obvious fact seems to not be communicated to economics students, who instead adopt the model wholesale as not only a description of but a necessary condition for reality. In other words, because the supply-and-demand diagram used on the blackboard relies on “perfect information,” many students conclude that real markets only work under such conditions.

It is of course the other way around: markets work because they solve or alleviate the problems that are excluded from the model. As Friedrich Hayek pointed out, there is no competition in the perfectly competitive model. All such activities are assumed to have already taken place so that the allocation under end-state efficiency can be explained—and the economic trend in markets therefore uncovered. But students somehow learn the exact opposite.

“Economic Growth Requires That Profits Tend toward Zero”


This idea is similarly a misapplication and misunderstanding of a model presented to students. In the static model of the economy, under assumptions of perfect information and zero transaction costs, economic profits will be zero. This is mainstream economists’ rather quirky explanation of economic efficiency: because all opportunities have already been taken advantage of, value production is maximized.

As follows from this model logically, profits tend toward zero as market reality closes in on “perfect” competition assumptions (that is, the problems are solved or alleviated). There is empirical support for this too: profits tend to fall in commodity markets and mature industries that are no longer innovative (the low-hanging fruits have been picked). Producers compete on cost rather than value. But this does not mean the economy is in an end-state; it only means some industries (such as grain production) have come to the end of the road in terms of product development—entrepreneurs see little or no opportunities for new value creation.

In reality, economic growth — more accurately economic progress — is the process of closing in on this highly theoretical end-state (which we as economists of the Austrian school realise is only theoretical—it cannot and never will be achieved). Our higher standard of living (economic growth) is the result of innovations that create more value—it is not the result of an absence of innovations.

Education as Disinformation


That students struggle with understanding the use and value of models, and may draw the wrong conclusions when studying market forces in the abstract, is unfortunate but understandable. It is the duty of the economics instructor to make sure students do not get the wrong ideas—that they go home with a greater understanding of how economies and markets work. Education, after all, should be enlightening and provide the student with new knowledge.

But somehow economics education fails to communicate the obvious fact that markets solve problems, not that they require that all problems have already been solved. And that economic growth is the creation of new value, not the absence of creating such value.

The failure of economics education is not merely the unproductive use of instructors’ and students’ time. As the above examples show, it is in fact destructive—students of economics get the wrong ideas and therefore graduate with less (not more) understanding of how markets and economies work.

Economics education with this outcome is disinformation, and we are better off without it.

* * * * 
Per Bylund is Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship at Oklahoma State University, and an Associate Fellow of the Ratio Institute in Stockholm.
Dr. Bylund has published research in top journals in both entrepreneurship and management as well as in both the 'Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics' and the 'Review of Austrian Economics,' and the author of How to Think about the Economy: A Primer — which you can get free here to kick off off your real economic (re)education. (His article first appeared at the Mises Wire.)

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Scheduling the Revolution

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