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Audiences Want to Be Entertained Again

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Hollywood used to understand something that seems almost quaint now: people buy movie tickets because they want to see a good movie.

Not a two-hour lecture. Not a corporate DEI statement with a $200 million budget. Not a beloved character dragged back from retirement so the studio can attach whatever esoteric cultural message happens to be fashionable that quarter.

A good movie, full stop.

That simple distinction came up repeatedly when my favorite Yankees fan, Christian Toto, joined me on my show “Dangerous Laughter.”

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Toto has spent years watching Hollywood from the inside as a critic and chronicler, and his book “Virtue Bombs: How Hollywood Got Woke and Lost Its Soul” took a hard look at the industry’s obsession with political messaging. But the more interesting question now isn’t simply how Hollywood got woke.

It’s whether Hollywood has finally figured out that audiences are getting tired of it.

And I don’t mean audiences are demanding conservative movies. That’s too easy. People want good movies. That should not be a controversial statement, but apparently we’re living in an era where it needs to be explained.

Disney provides perhaps the clearest case study. For generations, the company could put a familiar character on a screen and practically print money. “Toy Story” wasn’t merely a successful animated film. Woody and Buzz became part of the childhood furniture for an entire generation.

Parents who grew up with them can now take their own kids to see the same characters.

That makes the 2022 galactic flop “Lightyear” particularly revealing. The movie had the fundamental sin of being a bad fit for an audience that already had a very specific relationship with the character.

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Tim Allen’s Buzz Lightyear was replaced by Chris Evans, the story went in a different direction, and the film became tangled in a controversy that had little to do with why audiences loved the original movies in the first place.

The messaging didn’t rescue a weak story. It made the failure harder to ignore.

And that’s where Hollywood’s problem becomes less ideological and more commercial. People can tolerate almost anything when they’re having a good time. They’ll sit through a political idea they dislike if the movie is funny, exciting, moving or beautifully made.

Great entertainment has always smuggled ideas past the audience because the audience wanted to stay for the ride.

The trouble starts when the ride becomes secondary. We got into that with Marvel and Star Wars, two franchises that once had something incredibly valuable: audiences who cared. I’m a giant geek myself, so this isn’t some outsider sneering at people who like comic-book movies.

Quite the opposite. That’s precisely why the decline has been so frustrating.

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These studios inherited some of the most powerful storytelling properties in modern entertainment and somehow managed to make audiences feel like they were being marketed to rather than entertained.

That distinction matters because Hollywood executives spent years behaving as though the audience’s attachment to a franchise was essentially permanent.

It isn’t.

Nostalgia is powerful, but it isn’t infinite. You can remake the fairy tale, recast the hero, reboot the universe and announce that this version is going to be bigger and more important than the last one. Eventually someone in the audience asks the most dangerous question in Hollywood: Why am I paying for this?

The answer increasingly isn’t coming from Hollywood at all. It’s coming from podcasts, YouTube, independent filmmakers and comedians who figured out they don’t need permission from a studio executive to find an audience.

That shift is especially obvious in comedy. Think Bill Maher, Greg Gutfeld, Joe Rogan, Theo Von and Andrew Schulz, among others. The common thread isn’t that they all have the same politics.

They don’t.

It’s that audiences can hear an actual conversation rather than something that has been processed through six layers of corporate caution.

Maher’s willingness to have people from the Right on his show is revealing precisely because it shouldn’t be remarkable. Maher has said he invited figures such as Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Kamala Harris onto the program with no luck.

RELATED: LIBERAL BILL MAHER SAYS THE UNTHINKABLE

The difference is that appearing on a show like that means accepting questions you didn’t write and responding to someone who might actually disagree with you.

That is entertainment too. In fact, it may be becoming some of the most compelling entertainment available.

Our conversation then took an interesting turn toward Donald Trump, because Trump’s political success cannot really be separated from his understanding of entertainment and media. He understood long before most politicians that the old gatekeepers were losing their grip.

Put Trump on a traditional Sunday political show and he’s another politician waiting to be questioned. Put him on Rogan, Von or another long-form platform and suddenly the rules change.

Trump was never merely a political figure. He was a cultural figure long before he became president. He had already spent decades inside American popular culture, appearing on television, hosting “The Apprentice,” making various appearances on WWE, and giving interviews that cultivated his “bigly” persona that people recognize whether they like him or not.

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That is part of what makes the succession question so difficult. Christian believes JD Vance and Marco Rubio may actually be more polished than Trump when dealing with hostile journalists. They can sit down, dissect an argument and bury an interviewer under facts.

But Trump’s particular combination of celebrity, instinct, humor, ego and sheer cultural presence isn’t something that can simply be handed to the next Republican in line.

Trump brings something else. He brings Trump. That isn’t transferable.

And the entertainment business is facing the same problem from the opposite direction. Hollywood has enormous resources. It has studios, stars, writers, directors, franchises and billion-dollar distribution networks. What it cannot manufacture on command is cultural trust.

That is why the next phase of this story may be more interesting than the last.

We talked about independent movies such as “Citizen Vigilante” and “Young Washington,” about the increasingly strange situation in which filmmakers sometimes feel they have to leave Hollywood to make the kinds of movies they want to make.

We talked about “Supergirl” and the superhero industry’s continuing struggle to convince audiences that another reboot is something they actually need.

And then there is Christopher Nolan’s “The Odyssey.”

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Nolan may be one of the few filmmakers left who can put his name on a project and have people say, “I don’t know what this is, but I want to see it.”

That is the kind of trust Hollywood used to have in abundance.

Spielberg had it. Lucas had it. Cameron had it. There was a time when the director’s name on the poster could be enough to make people want to see what happened next.

Hollywood didn’t have to explain the message. The movie was the message.

And now AI is about to make the old Hollywood gatekeeping model even harder to defend. We talked about what happens when increasingly sophisticated tools allow independent creators to produce material that once required enormous studios, budgets and technical crews.

That’s potentially terrifying for the entertainment business. It’s also potentially fantastic for audiences.

Because the next great filmmaker may not be sitting in a studio office. The next great comedian may never get a late-night booking. The next cultural phenomenon may begin with somebody making videos in a bedroom and finding 10 million people who would rather watch that than another carefully focus-grouped Hollywood production.

Hollywood doesn’t need to become conservative. It needs to become good again.

Give people great characters. Give them stories they want to finish. Make them laugh. Make them cry. Make them angry. Make them think. Hell, make them uncomfortable. Just don’t assume they bought a ticket because they wanted to attend a corporate seminar.

The audience is still there. It has simply discovered that Hollywood isn’t the only place to find entertainment anymore.

A.J. Rice is the host of the Dangerous Laughter podcast, serves as president & CEO of Publius PR, editor-in-chief of The Publius National Post, and author of The Curse of the Bearded Lady: How the Trans Mafia Whacked American Sanity.

The post Audiences Want to Be Entertained Again appeared first on Hollywood in Toto.

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Is Uber-Woke ‘Camp Miasma’ Exception to Culture War Rule?

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Get woke, go broke.

Hollywood has learned that lesson the brutal way. Consider how trusted franchises like “Doctor Who,” “Star Trek” and “Star Wars” cratered after embracing the “woke mind virus.”

Disney dropped its “not-so-secret gay agenda” after several woke projects bombed with audiences.

Think “Lightyear” and “Snow White” as two stark, startling examples.

Yet a few woke projects actually thrive. One, in particular, became a blockbuster.

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The 2023 comedy “Barbie” delivered a candy-colored blast of wokeness, and the box office exploded all the same – $1.4 billion worldwide. The film neutered the men in the story, particularly Ken, delivered woke lectures and pushed diverse casting to the limit.

Audiences ate it up.

Credit star Margot Robbie, Ryan Gosling’s comic chops or a toy with endless nostalgia connections. You can’t deny its success.

Will a new, woke horror movie tread a similar, albeit more modest path?

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“Teenage Sex and Death at Camp Miasma” boasts an awkward title and indie sensibilities. Trans director Jane Schoenbrun’s film offers an unabashedly progressive crush of subjects and angles that all but scream woke.

This critic hasn’t screened the film, but consider this description:

After [young queer filmmaker] Kris’s first indie film, an overly intellectual slasher … she is hired to reboot the fictional 1980s slasher series Camp Miasma. Kris’ tracks down the original film’s star Billy Presley (Gillian Anderson) … Kris hopes to convince Billy to return (à la Jamie Lee Curtis in 2018’s Halloween) to the franchise for her own queer-infused reboot.

It is what it is. And, so far, it’s drawn a crowd.

Jane Schoenbrun’s “Camp Miasma” edged “Tony” this past weekend, earning $890K from 54 locations for a per-screen-average of $16,495.

That’s impressive. It also boasts a 96 perfect “fresh” rating at RottenTomatoes.com

Will that carry over to a wider audience? The far-Left Deadline.com says it’s expected to total 500 screens this weekend. That will be a better test of its drawing power.

Schoenbrun previously delivered “I Saw the TV Glow,” another queer-themed horror film that earned a modest $5 million stateside. Has that film’s word-of-mouth brand been part of “Camp Miasma’s” success?

There’s an audience for woke, just like there’s an audience for almost any film genre. Said audience is traditionally small, though, and the mainstream successes can be counted on one hand.

Will “Camp Miasma” added a finger via this week’s box office chart?

The post Is Uber-Woke ‘Camp Miasma’ Exception to Culture War Rule? appeared first on Hollywood in Toto.

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A Private Law Solution to the Epstein Scandal, Part 3

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Restraining the Political Caste

As outlined earlier, an individual must be a fully qualified member of their local militia in order to be eligible to hold any form of public office and, while required to maintain proficiency, is suspended from enforcement operations for the duration of their time on the tax dole.  Legislation may be set by public officials but is executed by the people themselves, as militia or their subordinates.

Since the people as militia have discretion over which laws they enforce, and the manner in which they execute those laws, whether personally or through subcontracted agents, any legislation that is repugnant of the constitution, designed to protect life, liberty, or property, becomes void.  There are no permanent tax-funded enforcement bureaucracies that answer directly to legislators.  Thus, the legislative and executive branches are thoroughly separated in design and practice.

A political caste, those that derive their living through taxation, regulation, or some other legally enforced privilege does not exist in a private law society, and institutional mechanisms prevent one from forming.  Public officials may receive remuneration for their periods of service in office and reimbursement for their expenses, but these payments are determined by their constituents, with only standardization guidelines recommended by the federation.  Legislators cannot vote on salary increases or exclusive privileges for themselves with any guarantee of seeing them carried into policy.  Nor can they offer benefits to lobbyists or special interest groups with impunity.  A political entity that squanders resources on excessively generous compensation packages for their employees will lose constituent subscriptions and network affiliations.  Again, private property implies contracts for services must be voluntary and severable.  Unsatisfied customers and partners will simply take their business elsewhere or form new safeguards for their liberty.

Each political organization operates according to its own internal business rules, but most follow best industry practices for transparency, with all proceedings, reports, contracts, and expenditures readily searchable through artificial intelligence-enabled online portals.  As part of their law enforcement functions, militia members monitor legislative and policy actions to ensure compliance with the limits of delegated authorities and prevent malfeasance.

As a matter of efficiency, legislative actions are largely coordinated remotely.  Legislative and policy documents are generated in secure collaborative environments and voted upon using encrypted, auditable systems.  Requirements for in-person meetings are minimal, thereby denying opportunities for lobbyists, provocateurs, or other corruption actors to compromise policymakers in a permanent capital location.  Ceremonies and other formal proceedings largely occur on the sidelines of the “militia Olympics” and other regular training events.

Executive protection services for public officials are not provided by a centralized general fund or bureaucratic agency, but by the individual’s own militia unit or a subcontracted commercial provider.  There is no permanent Secret Service, U.S. Marshals, Diplomatic Security Service, or other Federal Protective Service eating off the tax dole.  Each public official relies upon their home militia unit for their security and, reciprocally, is expected to act honorably as that militia unit’s representative.  As stated earlier, a militia unit may recall, remove, or simply withdraw protective escort services from any representatives under their watch in the event of any justified fidelity concerns. Of course, this does not happen over unsubstantiated allegations, routine controversies, or petty personality squabbles. Upholding a reputation for integrity and quality service is paramount to militia units and protection contractors that seek expanded subscriber bases and positive institutional legacies. Therefore, protection details fervently guard their principals while seeking to minimize disturbances or untoward appearances.

Fiat Funded Corruption

Questions remain about the source of Epstein’s wealth, financial structures, and the extent of his global activities.  The first thing to note is that, under a private law framework and a market-chosen commodity money regime, it is unlikely that Epstein would have commanded the resources necessary to orchestrate such crimes.

Epstein built his empire with fiat money substitutes, unevenly distributed to preferred investment firms through the loose monetary policies of central banks.  He and his ilk were foremost beneficiaries of the Cantillon Effect, where politically connected financial institutions receive newly created fiduciary media ahead of the rest of the population, allowing them to invest in assets at lower prices before the inflationary effects are fully manifested.

Without the state-centered fiat monetary system propping up crony financial firms, it is doubtful that Epstein would have profitably operated a money-management advisory or have been awarded such inordinate consulting fees that led to his roughly $600 million net worth. Nor would Epstein have been able to afford the ecosystem of elite properties, private aviation, and structured financial entities that facilitated his crimes.

Next, allegations that Epstein was acting on behalf of a foreign state as part of an intelligence operation to blackmail public officials and subvert key institutions invoke the need for decentralized law enforcement.  Local police and state investigators were allegedly told by “federal officials” to back down or look the other way because of “national security” interests.

Again, with the United States operating as a federation of subsidiary republics and the “militia of the several states” responsible for executing “the laws of the union” at the local level, there would be no ability or capacity for officers of the general government to impede local law enforcement activities.  The general government of the United States is only constitutionally delegated jurisdiction over three crimes, piracy, counterfeiting, and treason.  Epstein was accused of none of these or, for that matter, anything tantamount to making war or threatening the “common defense” of the United States.

The National Security Myth

Further, there is no such thing as “national security” for the United States.  Once again, the United States is, not a monolithic nation, but a federation of republics composed of multiple nations.  It is important to distinguish between a nation, which is an ethno-linguistic cultural community, and a state or political organization incorporated to orchestrate security and justice functions in a given geographic territory.

While on the topic, in contrast to a state, government consists of the people, offices, agencies, and institutions erected to implement a state’s authority.  Both states and governments are political entities with distinct activities.  Politics is the dynamic of social coercion through combinations of psychological influence and physical force.  Maintaining clear definitions of the terms, nation, state, government, and politics is imperative because blurring such distinctions is one of the ways in which cunning individuals undermine the proper administration of political authority (which should be solely for the protection of life, liberty, and property).

Referring to the United States as a nation is a form of cognitive warfare aimed at normalizing the idea of centralized authority at the expense of each member state’s local autonomy.  Artificially lumping all the citizens of a state into a homogeneous nation erodes the distinct social bonds and genuine cultural identity of the people. It is an act of usurpation that undermines the subsidiarity principle and threatens the security of a “free state” within the federal structure.  The same can be said for transforming the “militia of the several states” into National Guard structures, which are merely state-administered adjuncts of the United States Army or Air Force.

Centralization of power continues with the concentration of “national security” activities in the Executive Branch, the military-industrial complex, and various war powers resolutions that yield congressional responsibilities to the President.  Easily corrupted by their physical presence in a capital city teeming with lobbyists, senators and representatives continually defer decision-making with vaguely worded “authorizations to use military force,” and unbridled military spending.

So, for a private property legal order to operate under the United States Constitution, there can be no National Guard or authorities invented pursuant to “national” security.  Congress can raise an army for up to two years at a time and maintain a navy for patrolling territorial waters.  They can declare war or issue letters of marque and reprisal.  Any public official that strays from these constitutional limitations, as detailed above, faces harsh and immediate penalties from their constituents and personal liability for their actions.

Espionage and Treason

With local polities monitoring their public officers for any trespasses on the limits of delegated authorities, and grand juries working with the militia to investigate allegations of criminal violations, politicians and bureaucrats must walk a narrow path in the performance of their duties. Beyond mere recall from office, penalties for gross misconduct and oath breaking could result in an ignominious death if a public official is found guilty of making war on the people whose life, liberty, and property they swore to protect.

A private law society, and any Free State established to uphold that legal order, protects the property of its members. In contrast, the various manifestations of socialism institutionalize aggression against property and routinely interfere with contracts for the exchange thereof.  Eternal vigilance is the necessary condition for people oriented toward preventing those entrusted with coordinating policy from perverting those institutions created for protection into mechanisms of parasitism and plunder.

Since the militia is the chief institution charged with implementing the policies promulgated by public officers, the people themselves who compose the militia are the ultimate check on which polices are put into effect at the local level, as well as the manner of implementation.  Any public official supporting, advocating, or voting for policies that violate the rights and properties of their constituents is immediately pulled from office and subject to prosecution and penalty.

Remember, public officials conduct most business and voting through cryptographically secure remote means, and the absence of a permanent central capital denies convenient access to lobbyists and other corrupting influences. Public officers depend upon the local militia or a subcontracted provider for security escort on all official travel. This allows for immediate recall of any public official who steps out of line, assumes an undelegated authority, gets embroiled in scandal, or otherwise defiles the organization they represent.

Treason is a particularly egregious crime defined by hostile acts aimed at overthrowing the legal order or government an individual has previously sworn allegiance.  The ancient Chinese strategist Sun Tzu rightly posited that “all war is based on deception” and, similarly, treason normally occurs through surreptitious means, such as espionage or aiding an enemy force.

Taxation is robbery, and there is no place for it in a free society.  Political entities under a private property legal order gain revenue through voluntary subscriptions and are only authorized to spend from the public treasury according to the limits of contractually delegated functions.  Any public official seeking to alter the voluntary and contractual nature of this arrangement is swiftly removed through the civil monitoring, grand jury, recall, and militia mechanisms built into the constitutional order.

Further, any public official spending, or conspiring to spend, from the public treasury in violation of contractual terms, particularly to benefit a hostile entity or foreign state, is committing treason, an act of war.  Just as the political theorist Lysander Spooner wrote in his 1882 Natural Law; or the Science of Justice, the dividing line between peace and war is the treatment of property; what he called the science of mine versus thine.

In a private law society, any attack on another’s justly held property is treated as an act of war and there is no immunity for public officials.  Jeffrey Epstein’s blackmail and bribery activities targeted U.S. public officials in order to, allegedly, provide diplomatic and material aid to a foreign state.  Thus, any public official caught in the Epstein web would have been either deterred from advancing the corrupt agenda by fear of harsher penalties, removed from office at the first sign of compromise, or swiftly prosecuted as soon as they tried to leverage their positions for nefarious purposes.

Prosecuting Official Misconduct

Allegations of official misconduct are taken seriously, not only because of the victim or victims’ right to justice, but on account of the reputational harm incurred to a political entity when one of its representatives goes rogue.  Again, in a private law society, organic political associations only attract members, partners, and network affiliations through voluntary consent.  An impeccable record of upstanding conduct and competent service delivery is indispensable to institutional sustenance and growth.  Scandals and accusations of misconduct threaten an organization’s survivability.  Thus, the members have powerful incentives to “police their own” with a variety of corrective mechanisms.

As detailed earlier, political industry standards and best practices maintain that all proceedings, contracts, policies, and transactions undertaken by politicians, bureaucrats, and subcontractors are transparent, with immutable records immediately subject to open-source monitoring.  A representative’s voting record speaks for itself, yet the details of legislation and how policy gets practically implemented are often buried in minutiae.  Therefore, citizen subcommittees, supported by Large Language Model (LLM), Machine Learning (ML), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) computer systems, scan official records to detect any hints of fraud, bribery, resource diversion, non-competitive steering, or procurement manipulation.

It is important to remember that in a private law society there are no tax-funded incentives or inducements for distractive pastimes, like sports and entertainment.  There is no standing military bureaucracy with liaison outposts to the movie industry, sporting associations, or gaming tournaments.  There’s no standing military to provide flyovers, parachute demonstrations, or band performances at various sporting events. There are no disbursements from public treasuries for “bread and circuses” used by public officials to distract the populace.  While a variety of sports activities exist, they receive no official support from public officials, financial or otherwise.  Instead, polities are, by charter, limited to only subsidizing activities that help organize, arm, and discipline the militia to perform necessary security and law enforcement functions, as detailed in Article 1, Section 8, Clause 15 of the United States Constitution.

Therefore, citizens are highly civic-minded, practiced in the principles of discernment regarding policy, and oriented toward the administration of local self-government.  While one’s militia unit is the most prominent aspect of civic and political life, other constituent-staffed activities and committees handle a variety of administrative functions.  Second to the militia, grand juries are the most important vehicle for criminal investigations and law enforcement in a property-centered legal order.

Grand juries receive complaints, subpoena evidence, call witnesses, hear testimony, and issue indictments on all matters of public officer misconduct, independently of any “official” prosecutor or bureaucratic court system.  Most grand jury proceedings occur in cryptographically secure online spaces and are not reliant upon state-furnished workspaces or facilitators.

While all able-bodied citizens are, in principle, obliged to perpetually serve their local militia as a condition of membership in a political community, service on a grand jury is limited to specific periods of time.  Further, militia service is overt and nearly universal, yet grand jury participation is largely confidential and randomly selected to prevent any interference with the proceedings.  Like other public officials, grand jury members are required to maintain militia proficiency during their periods of empanelment but are excused from law enforcement activities.

Grand juries issue orders to the militia for gathering records and witnesses, or to make arrests.  In this way, the grand jury guides the militia toward addressing legitimate legal concerns but, since they face liability for any unlawful harms committed in the act investigation or enforcement, militia members create a check on the power of the grand jury and ensure a due process of law in all cases under their jurisdiction.

The combined efforts of subcommittee monitoring, grand jury indictments, and militia enforcement dissuade public officer misconduct, leading to the “frugal government” described in Thomas Jefferson’s First Inaugural Address.  That is, decentralized popular constitutionalism and civic engagement, channeled into specific institutions for enforcing a common law oriented on private property, prevent public officers from perverting the mechanisms of security and justice into instruments of predation and plunder.

Wither Crime and Corruption

Having sketched key aspects of economics, society, law enforcement, and governmental institutions under a private property-centered legal order, solutions to Jeffrey Epstein’s adjudicated and alleged crimes become clear.

In 2008, Epstein pled guilty to two Florida state charges, felony solicitation of prostitution and procurement of minors to engage in prostitution, in a highly controversial agreement that allowed him to evade federal sex trafficking charges.  Victims and investigators have long alleged that Epstein ran a “vast network” where underage girls were sexually abused and lent to powerful business executives, politicians, and world leaders for illicit purposes.

Under a private property legal framework, such a state-orchestrated “sweetheart deal” would never have been brokered.  Epstein’s evasion of justice occurred through the fundamental error of allowing state attorneys and federal prosecutors to conclude such an easy arrangement and end the investigation into what later turned out to be a vast conspiracy with geopolitical implications.

In a private property legal order, as outlined above, parents, guardians, and victim advocates seek restitution on behalf of children through common law courts and only settle when an adequate compensation plan is reached, up to and including corporeal punishment, depending on the severity of the crimes.  Tax-funded bureaucrats do not get to decide on behalf of individual citizens what cases get settled, dropped, or prosecuted. Nor do public officials hold privileged access to relevant evidence. Information discovered by grand jury investigations and other legal proceedings becomes subject to public examination. This then opens the field for market-based justice actions.

Profit-motivated attorneys are incentivized to vigorously advocate on behalf of crime victims and seek the maximum restitution package based on precedent and custom.  Further, private attorneys are driven to expand their client base of victims and implicate the widest field of criminal co-conspirators to hold liable.  Simultaneously, grand juries and militia, working on behalf of each political entity in the federation, would have conducted inquests on any public officials involved under their jurisdiction.  Thus, numerous investigations, public and private, acting independently and in concert, would have probed Jeffrey Epstein’s activities to reveal the fullest possible tapestry of facilitators, clients, and victims.

The Culture of Accountability

Ultimately, a private property legal order depends upon the values of the people composing that society and their willingness to assert self-government through continual action.  Sustainable social justice requires continued popular participation in the necessary institutions of vigilance committees, grand juries, and, especially, the militia.  Leaving these crucial functions in the hands of politicians and bureaucrats, affording them a near monopoly on justice and security functions, is a path to ruination.

The United States could operate as an organic, voluntary, and decentralized federation of independent republics with the most local polities retaining the preponderance of authority.  There is nothing in the Constitution that prohibits this type of operational practice, and, in fact, the member states could, as Madison described in Federalist 45, assert their “indefinite” powers over the “few and defined” of the general government at any time. However, the multifarious reasons why the member states of the federation do not rein in the out-of-control regime in Washington D.C. stem from more than just a lack of popular will.  Everyone knows there are problems but lack clarity about what to do.  To effectuate positive change, dissatisfaction with the status quo must be channeled into constructive reforms, and that first requires discernment as to what constitutes right action.

Right action is that which promotes a social and legal order that protects private property through the enforcement of two fundamental laws: Do all you have agreed to do and do not encroach upon other people or their property.  These two laws encourage discernment by providing clear, intersubjectively ascertainable boundaries for the legitimate application of force.  Property boundaries, beginning with the human body and culturally appropriate buffer zones, are physical demarcations for applying, as Lysander Spooner, cited above, termed the science of justice, or the science of mine versus thine.

Violations of property, also known as crimes, or contracts to exchange property, also known as breaches, are the only justifiably enforceable claims in a private law society.  All other assertions of rights must be rejected, particularly by those involved in the enforcement, lest they face liability.  There can be no special interest group rights (minorities, inanimate objects, abstractions, irrational actors (non-humans), forces of nature, etc.).  All rights are rooted in property titles, and all law is orchestrated toward maintaining the integrity of, or arranging restitution for, violations of legitimately held property claims.

Passing strict laws is meaningless unless people uphold them.  There can never be enough paid law enforcement officers to overcome a depraved population.  That politics is downstream from culture, and that institutions only reflect prevailing social attitudes, is an inescapable fact that is especially true for a private law society.

The present description of how a private property legal order could function as a federation of republics under a constitutional framework, like the United States, assumes that the people are sufficiently civic minded to staff the key institutions, namely grand juries and militia.

There are ways, as outlined above, to align financial and psychological incentives to encourage participation in these organizations that are “necessary” for securing a Free State.  Yet, there is much more to be explored on how to make the arrangement sustainable, resistant to the Iron Law of Oligarchy or other forms of centralization.

Another issue for future research is how a private law society can overcome the atrophy of security consciousness over time.  The adage that “hard times create strong men, strong men create good times, good times create weak men, and weak men create hard times” speaks to observable sociological phenomenon and theories of generational cycles.  The tremendous prosperity made possible through a private law society’s productivity makes the population susceptible to indulgence and lethargy.

Having the militia act as a training center for not only teaching “when” the use of force is legitimate, through studies in history, law and political economy, but also “how” to apply force through technical and tactical means, is essential to both inculcating and integrating a disciplined population, with a shared baseline of values, that is capable of self-government.

This discipline is also imperative for instilling the type of self-esteem that prevents elevating public officials to an exclusive status or falling prey to propaganda.  Indeed, the militia, both as an educational institution and enforcement mechanism, is vital to keeping all government actors restrained to the limits of their delegated authority.

The Swiss political theorist Karl Ludwig von Haller conceived of a private law arrangement as an “eidgenosse,” or a network of alliances based on oaths.  In German, “eid” means oath and “genosse” means companion or comrade.  An “eidgenossenschaft” or federation of oath-fellows, implies a voluntary agreement among people with equal legal standing.

Of course, Switzerland is not a utopia, and Swiss history is not free from episodes of injustice and subjugation.  Further, political theory always differs from political practice.  The map is never the territory, and no plan survives contact with reality.

However, the idea of an “eidgenossenschaft,” an oath-based legal order between equals, precludes any privileges or immunities for the likes of a corruption agent like Jeffrey Epstein.  Citizen-based law enforcement and prosecution, without dependence upon tax-funded politicians and bureaucrats, is the key.  These necessary institutions already exist in the legacy of Anglo-American jurisprudence and the United States Constitution.

A private law society becomes ever more achievable as people orient on the goal of inviolate property rights, enforceable through two fundamental laws, and activating the legal remedies already available.  The necessary substratum for putting rogue officials, along with the insidious racket that Epstein leveraged, is an organized, armed, and disciplined population willing to assert and enforce the principle of equal justice under a common law.

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Soave: Ibram X. Kendi Is Wrong About Jason Arday

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Robby Soave, “Ibram X. Kendi Is Wrong About Jason Arday: Are the media responsible for the demise of a famous black professor at the University of Cambridge?,” Reason (8.18.2026).

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Robby Soave, “Ibram X. Kendi Is Wrong About Jason Arday: Are the media responsible for the demise of a famous black professor at the University of Cambridge?,” Reason (8.18.2026).

Are the media responsible for the demise of a famous black professor at the University of Cambridge? Jason Arday was found dead last week after resigning from the university following widespread serious plagiarism allegations. But his defenders say Arday was unfairly targeted by racist reactionaries. Sadiq Khan, the mayor of London, assailed the media for engaging in a campaign of “pernicious public shaming,” and the activist group Stand Up to Racism said he’d been subjected to a racist witch hunt.

Most notably, the anti-racist activist Ibram X. Kendi stated unequivocally that “the media lynched Jason Arday.”

Read more>>

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Zug: A Trading House for the World

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Evening light in Zug's old town.© Daniel Hegglin / Zug Tourism

Evening light in Zug’s old town. © Daniel Hegglin / Zug Tourism

Rahim Taghizadegan, “Zug: A Trading House for the World: How a poor little canton learned to connect capital and strangers productively,” scholarium (19 August 2026)

Zug: A Trading House for the World

How a poor little canton learned to connect capital and strangers productively

Rahim Taghizadegan · 

When I moved with my family from Vienna to the canton of Zug in 2024, I arrived in a place whose everyday achievement becomes fully apparent only through living there: safety and reliability, short distances, an astonishing proximity of global business and nature, authorities who answer, and a landscape that is not merely admired but inhabited. A newcomer has, at first, nothing to explain about this. He has to notice what generations before him built and to be grateful for it.

Zug is neither a libertarian Arcadia nor merely a tax dodge. That is precisely what makes the canton so remarkable. Its success story is real because it requires no miracle. It rests on long prior investment, institutional capacity to learn, and the rare art of receiving foreign capital and foreign people without wholly losing its own measure. The legends about Zug fall short; the actual achievement is greater.

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Classical international law in the Strait of Hormuz

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Hormuz in August is dead calm. The muggy air could choke a gnat. The sea is a mirror—so calm it feels oiled. Shave with it. Slit your reflection’s throat—barely a ripple. There are no birds. There is no sound. There are no tankers. The spice does not flow. Silently, the rest of the world is dying.

Sorry. It’s not actually like this. The world is not actually dying. Oil prices are up, a little. Gas prices are up, a little. Reserves are down, a little. Nothing ever happens. Nothing ever changes.

The military and political situation

The current state of the war, as best I can read it, is that the war is in stalemate, because neither side can afford to escalate. The issue currently in question is the political and economic stamina of either side.

The stalemate continues because the political leaders on each side need to come home with something, anything, they can call a “win.” The actual goal of both sides is a narrative victory—a retarded, but not unprecedented, diplomatic situation.

Neither side can afford to escalate, because the Hormuz war has shown us a new reality: conventional MAD. The Gulf states, Anglo-American protectorates since the fall of the Ottoman Empire, are pure infrastructure. The humans of the Gulf are almost irrelevant. These “nations” are oil wells, gas concentrators, desalination plants, airports, managed by a thin layer of expats, maintained by an army of helots. Their citizens are not an economic resource, but an economic liability. They exist only as a justification for these geological regions to call themselves “countries.” The lifeblood of these countries is not the hearts of their citizens, but the pumps of their refineries.

And offense in the missile/drone era, at least right now today, dominates defense. A few strikes on desalination plants, and the UAE has to evacuate Dubai. A few strikes on gas concentrators, and the world economy chokes. Why doesn’t Iran do this? Maybe because evilmaxxing, Marvel villain style, is not a real thing and never has been. “Mutual Assured Destruction” proved that in the Cold War.

It’s easy to forget that conventional MAD was already predicted in the interwar period with the invention of the bomber. “The bomber will always get through,” they said, and so indeed it proved. Many optimistic interwar thinkers, if not quite in a Norman Angell state of pre-WW1 innocence, believed that the political threat of city bombing would prevent a new war. It did not work out that way—the German bomber stopped getting through, the Allied bomber did not—and truly unstoppable cruise and missile “revenge weapons” were developed only by the Germans at the end of the war, after the loss of tens of thousands of Allied bomber pilots. Technical descendants of the V-weapons are the currency of the Iran war today,

The median voter turned out not to be rational and would vote for aggressive foreign policy and/or war, even if it involved his city being bombed. Nothing has proved as ineffective as bombing people, or even threatening them with bombs, to win their political affections. That 20th-century political systems, from far right to extreme left, (although guess who didn’t do “strategic bombing” in WW2, ever? Stalin!) have kept reinventing this bad idea of exploding sermons, is reason enough to distrust them all.

If anything changes, it will change because the USG today is determined to choke out Iran, and believes its blockade can last longer, especially with more and more tankers getting through at night with their beacons off. Maybe it’s right. Hopefully it’s right?

However, this strategy involves cornering a dangerous animal which does not particularly want to fight at the moment—but which can still fight, which is in a military state of conventional MAD, and whose regime is complex and divided and not exactly historically renowned for its sanity and stability. This seems risky?

The military situation is always a detail in the political situation. The political situation is that the military leadership of both sides—not “Iran” and “the US”, but the IRGC and the Trump administration—both need to bring home something they can sell as a win. Most American voters in 2024 were not terribly concerned with the freedom of the seas, in Hormuz or anywhere else. Like Iranian voters, however, they love a winner and they hate a loser. Live by democracy, die by democracy. Sad!

So, before it all goes pear-shaped on both sides, I have a win-win peace plan—the second half of this essay. My plan makes no sense without its context—which is international law—which is 200 years of no good, horrible, very bad international law.

The plan is a really dumb plan. It’s just to restore the old, good international law of 250 years ago, and apply it to the Middle East—sensibly, so things don’t catch fire and explode. But without a little history lecture first, none of it will make sense at all.

The 20th-century context

Iran is a real country, for better or for worse. Mainly for worse. Although the Islamic Revolution was never aligned with the USSR, it was always a Leninist revolution in both form and style, and its alignment with the last of the Leninist powers and the Russian successor state is inevitable—as is its alignment with the last remnants of Third World “freedom fighters” in Hamas and Hezbollah. Without being a neoconservative, I can agree that if the Trump administration could wave a magic wand, and abolish the last remnants of 20th-century Leninism around the world, (a) this would be very nice for anyone, and (b) it would not be reborn anywhere.

Yet we also have to admit that the only path toward being an independent, sovereign country in the 21st century ran through 20th-century Leninism. These deeply carnivorous states, founded in chaos and blood—like all historical nations, but a good bit worse than most—either imploded, or matured.

China, where the laptop I am typing this on was made, is the perfect post-Leninist state. All that remains of its old deranged ideology is pure pragmatism. Mao Tse-Tung had his Thought and so does Xi Jinping, but we cannot imagine today’s China funding revolutionary terrorist movements in Africa based on Xi Jinping Thought. Nor does Premier Xi appear on many dorm-room posters. Nor does he need to. Trump has no magic wand that can abolish the Chinese Communist Party, or even the Iranian Revolutionary Guard. Sovereignty ultimately rests on physical and economic force.

Accepting that mad-dog 20th-century Leninism can mature into 21st-century sovereignty is a bitter pill for believers, liberal or conservative, in the old American Century. Unification of the Leninist world with the “democratic” world was a core belief of Cold War Americans. Most liberals, all the way from 1917 to 1989, believed in convergence: the theory that the two orders shared the same basic ideals. The rough Russian bear would be cajoled, rewarded, tamed and socialized. The wild, individualistic American cowboy would be caponized. And the odd-couple of conservatives and Trotskyites, who in the 70s would merge into the neoconservative tradition, expected the USSR to be defeated or, possibly, collapse of its own contradictions, and then elect Ronald Reagansky. Or maybe Ayn Rand.

All of these things sort of happened, and sort of didn’t. Russia wound up with Putin. Who is not quite Xi Jinping, but not Stalin either.

Neither living American foreign-policy tradition has an answer to these outcomes. But there is also a post-Leninist foreign-policy tradition, whose lines are often spoken in English. When we hear people in 2026 talking about a “multipolar world order,” we are almost always hearing post-Leninism. The language and philosophy of Russian, Chinese and “Global South” foreign policy remains well within the old Soviet tradition. And the Soviet tradition was at its core a tradition of hypocrisy, cynically wielding “anti-imperialist” and nationalist ideas as a path to its own global empire.

What we’re looking at is three different schools of imperial-revolutionary foreign policy: the old school of Anglo-American liberal imperialism, the neoconservative post-Trotskyist school of world democratic revolution, and the neo-communist, post-Stalinist school of Third World socialist-nationalist revolution.

The 19th-century context

All these schools, though perhaps less the explicitly antinomian neoconservatives, claim the mantle of “international law.” There is not one living “international law.” There is Samantha Power international law, Robert Kagan international law, and Alexander Dugin international law.

And they all suck. No, really. All these traditions are absolutely vile and tired and harmful and need to be abolished.

All, even the Soviet revolutionary tradition, are descendants of 19th-century English liberalism. Anyone who reads any Soviet history of the 19th century will recognize all the usual liberal heroes. The Bolsheviks were, of course, extreme Westernizers on the Russian political spectrum.

We cannot understand the history of the 19th century without understanding that, in 1815, the world became a unipolar military, financial, and diplomatic order. England after Napoleon’s defeat had no geopolitical peer in the 19th century, just as America had no peer in the 20th—and the unity of the Anglo-American empire is shown by the smooth shift of gravity from London to Washington. Basically, we are all living in Cecil Rhodes’ last will and testament. While the German, Japanese and Italian regimes in World War II, and the German regime in World War I, did aspire to equality with Anglo-America, as did Moscow after World War II, we know who won.

Legal theorists distinguish between positive and natural law. Positive law is a system of rules imposed by superior authority. Natural law consists of the rules that normal human beings, with normal human psychology, normally regard as fair. “Thou shalt not steal.”

There has never been any human society in which it was, like, okay to steal. If a ship is wrecked on a desert island where there is no legitimate government to impose any system of positive law on the shipwrecked sailors, it is still not okay for them to steal from each other—and natural law also allows for both repossession and retribution.

Philosophy always grows to fit its time. Law, even more so. And the 19th century, so new and fruitful in so many ways, developed its own new philosophy of international law—a positive international law. A system of rules collectively agreed to and collectively enforced. Under the benign, free, civilizing, peaceful umbrella of the Foreign Office.

Outside the formal British Empire proper, an informal empire of satellite states developed: the modern era’s first “international community.” Any half-educated bandit chief who could recruit a small entourage of Byronic gentlemen with friends in the London press could, with the generous (but informal) assistance of the Royal Navy, overthrow its old regime, stake out some territory, and declare himself President of a brand-new three-newspaper republic. This would be a “country,” in the same sense that, say, Spain, was a country. Spain was not in much position to object.

We will have to accept that the British empire, with a small E, was the first Orwellian empire. Already in the Victorian age, soft power was its greatest power. If it became fashionable in London in 1837 to call a cat a dog and a dog a cat, in ten years all the cool kids in Vienna would be inverting their animals. The wellsprings of soft power are as mysterious as the mind of man—or even, as the fashions of woman. Yet it always correlates with hard power. Always and everywhere, strength is fashionable.

English is the world language today for many reasons. As Borges said, due to its origins, it is objectively the best Western language for either prose or poetry. It is spoken worldwide, though, mainly because of the Duke of Wellington.

Until Waterloo, European international law—the jus publicum Europeaum—was a system of natural law. In the classical era, there was no hegemonic power that could impose a positive international law. The concept would have made no sense.

But in the new unipolar order, it was the old natural international law that no longer made sense. It was no longer relevant. A new order existed, like it or not. The new order, as Machiavelli recommended, copied the symbolism and reputation of the old order, while inverting its substance—to follow the geopolitical reality of the century.

This Jedi mind trick, and the legal ambiguity it created—since the old Westphalian order was never explicitly repealed—led directly to the great wars of the early 20th century, which were fundamentally rebellions against this new unipolar Anglo order.

In the public mind of the unipolar hegemon—of our dear Universal Republic—any rebellion is an attempt to capture unipolarity. In the public mind of the rebel against this order, any rebellion is an attempt to restore the multipolar order. Because the old order was never in any formal way denounced, abandoned or repealed, both orders held competing legitimacy—the basic formula for war.

In 1940, the Nazi invasion of America loomed large in our minds. Hitler was said to be ready to leap, tigerlike, across the Atlantic from Dakar to Brazil. In historical reality, world domination was never really a thing for the Nazis. Continental domination certainly was. World domination—that was our thing. The Anglo thing. Obviously.

The rebel, in any rebellion, is always accused of aspiring to hegemony, not secession. Usually, he denies the false accusation. His denial confirms the frame—often at real military cost. Hitler stopped at Dunkirk because he didn’t want to invade England, and he wanted England to see that. Like many of Hitler’s ideas, it didn’t work out.

Similarly, no historian now believes Jefferson Davis was plotting to establish slavery in Boston. But this “Slave Power Conspiracy” is a normal strain of Northern political thought in the 1850s—Southern Derangement Syndrome, essentially. After Bull Run, the first battle of the war, the Confederates could easily have taken Washington—militarily. Politically, they could not, because this expansion of their war aims would have confirmed the deranged conspiracy theories of their enemies. Later in the war, this delicacy was not such a concern. As at Dunkirk, the opportunity never recurred.

If Gettysburg had gone otherwise, could the War of Secession have produced a stable geographic division in the former United States? If Stalingrad, Midway, the Marne, had gone otherwise, could the 20th-century “world wars” have resulted in a stable multipolar order? Or would the new pole or poles, flush with victory, have embarked on a march to a new unipolarity? On all these questions, smart observers can disagree.

True multipolarity dies in the 19th century and is never properly resurrected in the 20th. And while World War II did result in a kind of bipolarity, the historical reality of Moscow as a schismatic satellite of Washington, much as Beijing was a schismatic satellite of Moscow, dictated a very different relationship than any that ever existed between Washington and Berlin. Nothing here to copy, gentlemen!

The 18th-century context

We do not find real, decentralized, multipolar international law, with a genuine connection to the ancient world, until the classical Europe of the 18th century.

The universal 18th-century textbook is Emeric de Vattel’s Law of Nations. Both sides in the American Revolution, for example, considered Vattel the standard. He is summarizing and condensing a long European tradition that goes back centuries, and is also fully aware of Greek and Roman thought on the matter.

Educated with even a smattering of “Model UN” 20th-century liberal international law, we are immediately shocked by Vattel’s bizarre, even evil, principles. For instance: if asked for the highest goal of international law, most American undergrads would say: outlawing war. Whereas according to Vattel, the right to make war is a fundamental attribute of national sovereignty. What is up with this guy?

If the decision to make war is taken outside the nation, a core aspect of the nation’s sovereignty lies outside the nation. This means it is no longer sovereign. On these grounds alone, Vattel would classify the post-1945 states of both Eastern and Western Europe not as states at all, but as protectorates—not countries, but external provinces. This is obviously consistent with our historical narrative of military unipolarity.

Under natural law, there is no government or court or “United Nations” or hegemonic power that can impose rules from above. Natural law confines itself to the perception of right and wrong as understood by all sincere good-faith actors. It does not require everyone to be friends. It is a formula for distinguishing between amicable and predatory behavior. The natural law of nations, and the natural law of individuals, operate in just the same way.

Combat is not an exception to natural law, but an aspect of it. Under natural law, combat is the only way to settle disputes: a fight, instead of a lawsuit. Louis XIV had the motto “ultima ratio regum,” or “the last argument of kings,” cast into his cannons.

Who attacks first is not at all an issue. The 20th-century concept of “aggression” does not exist in Vattel, to whom it would be like automatically preferring the defendant to the plaintiff in a court. Of course, if you have been wronged, you have a natural right to redress that wrong—which inherently involves attacking.

Vattel’s law of nations assumes that the ostensible purpose of every war is to assert right against wrong—either to redress some past or current wrong, or to proactively prevent some future wrong. The plausibility of any such rationale is not for any central party to judge, but for every other sovereign to judge on their own.

Frederick the Great, when he invaded Silesia, produced an enormous legal dossier, involving distant chains of princely inheritance, which explained why he was the rightful owner of Maria Theresa’s province. Without weighing in on the validity of this legal case, historians can agree that Frederick’s army proved stronger—though not so much stronger as he had hoped.

The goal of classical international law is a stable, peaceful world of strong and independent nations. Every nation has an incentive to be strong, protecting its rights against all encroachments. Nations which use their power in bad faith, embarking on a predatory path, will be unable to disguise their contempt for the natural international law, and will excite self-interested defensive coalitions. Frederick was on the edge of this path—and still, he was no Napoleon or Hitler. The old system worked.

Peace will enforce itself when no power has an incentive to make war—an incentive which should be created only rarely and by pathological weakness. Rotting states are swallowed easily by their neighbors, giving their citizens the blessing of strong and vigorous government. Vattel is unambiguous that conquest produces valid title. If it did not, irredentism would never end. As indeed it has not.

And in the classical regime, war is a contest of militaries. These militaries ultimately command all the resources of the state, including its manpower as infantry. But war is confined to the state. The purpose of war is to capture and milk populations, not to decimate them, brainwash them, etc. War is about where you send your tax check.

The “cabinet wars” of the 18th century were not like the revolutionary or genocidal wars of the 19th and 20th centuries. They involved only professional soldiers. The 21st-century equivalent will probably be robot-on-robot. In case of war, remain indoors to avoid falling debris.

(You do have to evacuate if a robot-dog infantry zero-line passes through your zipcode. In this case there may unfortunately be property damage. The peace settlement will reinsure your insurer. If they still exist, make sure to check your security cams for anything kino to post.)

Working systems of natural law are all about incentives. By crisply defining what behavior is honorable, they maintain peace among reasonable, independent, good-faith sovereign actors. These mechanisms are often counterintuitive, especially to those deeply steeped in the Anglo-American narrative—as, of course, we all are.

Another principle of natural international law is the idea that “might makes right.” Again, this sounds downright evil! This is Hitler stuff. Or at least Nietzsche. The blond beast has come out of his cave, hungry for prey.

Under natural law, there is no system of positive law enforcement. Wherever possible, the law should enforce itself. If the set of actions you are legally permitted to perform is identical to the set of actions you can objectively to perform, the law enforces itself. While perfect alignment between might and right is never possible, the farther away they drift from each other, the more unstable the legal order. Ergo, might makes right.

Even positive law (which is found in all civilized societies, but always grows out of, clarifies, and modifies the natural law) cannot escape “might makes right.” We all know this saying as: “possession is nine-tenths of the law.”

Possession cannot be the whole of the law, or whoever stole a wallet would get to keep it. But, if I want to get something back from you, possession remains the default. Even in a fully-governed society with courts, police, etc.

Under mere natural law, I have to convince a sufficiently strong posse that it is in everyone’s interest to help me get my wallet back. The bigger the posse, the less likely actual violence is. Under positive law, I have to convince a court to take it from you and give it to me. Moreover—the longer you have had it, the harder it becomes for me to get it back. This is called “adverse possession,” yet another case of “might makes right.” Every anarchist squat in West Oakland is legally reliant on “might makes right.”

The evolution from posse to court is natural—depending on how often the posse is needed. Once the good citizens of our desert island have to turn out and bust heads three or four times a week, they are going to start thinking about more formal arrangements. But the modern world of domesticated man, however divided into countries, nations and sovereignties, hardly seems to require much head-busting. Maybe it’s best to keep it informal.

This “Westphalian” law of nations, this sublime cathedral of powerless laws, which held classical Europe together for centuries, was in the 20th century maligned as “isolationism” and in the 19th as “international anarchy.” It was all that any statesman before 1800 (or really 1795, with Kant’s pernicious pamphlet Perpetual Peace), knew as “international law.”

There are many statements of Vattelian principles from the American founders, most notably in Washington’s Farewell Address. I prefer John Quincy Adams, from the Monroe Doctrine Address (1823):

Our policy in regard to Europe, which was adopted at an early stage of the wars which have so long agitated that quarter of the globe, nevertheless remains the same, which is, not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers; to consider the government de facto as the legitimate government for us; to cultivate friendly relations with it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims of every power, submitting to injuries from none.

Cynics will note that the USG, in subsequent centuries, did have some trouble in maintaining this abstemious oath. Even President Washington had to address the question for a reason. Interfering in the internal concerns of other powers is more American than baseball. Sovereign kibitzing of every kind has been a national pastime since the ink was dry on the Articles of Confederation. Americans are strongly urged to consider a less toxic hobby, such as sports gambling.

The 21st-century future

Is it possible to restore natural international law in the 21st century? It is more than possible. It is imperative.

Classical international law withered because, in a militarily and financially unipolar 19th century, it was no longer relevant. The 20th century, in the Cold War, developed a weird bipolar global empire. The bipolar world order was a mess, involved a mendacious narrative on both sides, and (frankly) did a lot of awful and/or retarded things. On both sides. We do not need any aspect of Cold War diplomacy back.

Classical international law is back because the world is now an objectively multipolar order, militarily and financially. We cannot fit Russia, Iran and China into an “axis of evil” sack. These nations do not trust each other. There is no “DragonBear.” At best their alliance is one of convenience—not ideology, and certainly not conspiracy.

The reasons for this mistrust (as with the mistrust within the original Axis, which largely lost them the war) are complex, but I blame the deep historical falsity of the post-Soviet model of international relations. Russia and China do not even realize, and cannot even realize, that they have become effectively right-wing powers. How can they cooperate when they are living in two different histories, neither one true?

What is certain is that the US cannot defeat Iran with direct military power, let alone Russia and China. Right now it is attempting to pull off an indirect, economic defeat by blockade. That might still work on Iran. Try it on China. When China wants Taiwan back, they will say: if serious final-status negotiations have not begun within 30 days, no more flights into Taipei. In 90 days, no more ships. What are we going to do, start bombing? The whole military scenario is a Pentagon contractor’s fantasy.

The reality of 2026 is that the world is a multipolar order—not normatively, but objectively. The world in 1826 was a unipolar order—not normatively, but objectively.

The classical international law is back, in the 21st century, because of a comment that an American “senior official” made, about a month ago, about the ill-fated Hormuz MOU. He said:

If Iran will behave like a normal country, we will treat it like a normal country.

Two things about this statement. One: it is a statement of natural international law. Two: part of it is missing. The missing part is, in my opinion, the solution in the Strait of Hormuz.

The missing part is that the US, too, needs to find a way to behave like a normal country—and find a practical road back to a John Quincy Adams foreign policy. At least, in the Middle East.

The US is not a normal country. It is not even a normal great power. In my humble opinion, it should become one—at least, in the Middle East. This cannot be done without returning to classical international law. It cannot be defined, except as returning to classical international law. But this return cannot be in any way unilateral. Both Iran and the US have to become normal countries, as does Israel. It’ll be great. But the path is not easy—spiritually. There has to be real truth and reconciliation.

Peace cannot be achieved without confessing the sins of the Iranian regime. If you don’t let people in the room until they do this, you can keep the Third-Worldists out. Where these post-Soviet theorists go wrong: Iran has not been behaving like a normal country. As a result, it has lost its right to complain. The Islamic Republic should not be surprised to be bombed. They have done so much to earn it!

The neoconservatives are right. Iran, for decades, has been behaving like a mad dog. Funding revolutionary movements in other countries is not neighborly behavior. It is very hard to explain as any kind of preventative self-defense. And one important Vattelian principle is reciprocity: if you break the rules, whether of war or diplomacy, you lose the protection of the rules you break.

Far from crying “genocide” (another 20th-century word), Vattel would find Israel’s handling of Hamas oddly half-hearted and timid—because Hamas decided, at the start, that the rules of their conflict would be those of Papuan cannibals. So be it!

Under natural international law, “asymmetric warfare” is not a thing. Hamas has given Israel the right to make war by indiscriminate pillage and murder—much as Nazi Germany gave the Bolsheviks that right (though they had no need to).

Israel should not use this right (since it has no need to). Israel should also put its October 7 GoPro snuff video online—for those who doubt. Palestine enjoyers must have a thousand times as many minutes of IDF POV war porn to comb through, to match it. Or try to match it. Good luck. No, I don’t actually mean that.

Israel has every right to commit any violence it militarily needs to commit—not even just because of October 7. Even regardless of reciprocity with Hamas’ happy fun time, Westphalian law does not bar any militarily effective strategy. It only bars unnecessary military action against civilians.

If respecting the natural law made war significantly harder, no reasonable war leader would respect the law; so it would not be the natural law. In the military law of Vattel, there is no such thing as a human shield. If you tie someone to the railroad tracks and the train comes, it is you who are the murderer, not the train. The same is true when you colocate military targets with civilian institutions, the repeated practice of Hamas.

Yet still, the smallest moment of pointless Israeli cruelty in Gaza is, as Talleyrand said, “not a crime, but a mistake.” Proper handling of the disarmed enemy combines decisive dominance with care and even hospitality—the winner owns the loser. When any power has sovereignty over a human being, it becomes that other’s guardian. Even Papuan cannibals adopt and/or enslave many of their captives, rather than just eating them all right away. Cool, overwhelming force is always better than mere hot violence. Israel’s cynical policy of “mowing the lawn,” war without victory, is contemptible.

Under Vattel’s law of war, the condition of Gaza is simple. It is a siege. Israel has every military advantage in this siege, and has every right to conduct a siege—including blocking food, power and water. It should evacuate Gazan civilians to secure housing through a secure corridor, then give martyrdom to whoever wants it.

While the fate of the Gazans is inherently shrouded in the contingency of war, they are human beings and should not be living in a war zone. (Actually forcing civilians to remain in the besieged city, consuming resources, is too hardcore for our century, but still traditionally permissible.) The bottom line: the complete subjugation of Gaza is not a hard military problem for Israel to handle, even (relatively) humanely. Indeed, it should have happened quite some time ago. Endless war is bad for people actually?

Enough about Israel. Who cares about Israel? Israel can take care of itself. Let’s get back to Iran. While they probably did not sign off on October 7 specifically, Iran’s Soviet-style foreign policy of supporting militant nonstate actors overseas, often actors with a serious taste for blood, is not the policy of a normal country.

Iran has not been a normal country. The US wants it to be a normal country—a normal Gulf state, much more populous, much less Arabic, much more Shia, and probably still much more traditional—but still, a Gulf state. The closest thing to Pahlavi Iran, or what it would be today if Jimmy Carter had not decided to overthrow the Shah. But with not quite as many bikinis.

Iran has not been a normal country. Does it want to be a normal country? Depends who you ask. But also, the US has not been a normal country—not in the Middle East. Not anywhere. Whether or not we should be a normal country, we are not a normal country. Do we want to be a normal country? Depends who you ask.

War is a funny thing. If you see a mad dog, you kick it to keep it away from you. But if you kick a dog every day, it might just go mad. Over time, the origins of this cycle become lost, and in fact irrelevant. The dog is mad. The dog gets kicked. The dog goes mad. The dog gets kicked. It’s yet another DC self-licking ice-cream cone.

My view, which is the view of an ignorant person who knows no one of any importance, is that the proper settlement across the Middle East—in the Strait, and beyond—involves three countries, none of which has been behaving as a normal country under the old law of nations, returning simultaneously to normal behavior.

These countries are the US, Iran, and Israel. All three are in the habit of behaving quite abnormally. (The Gulf states are much more normal—unsurprising, as they are monarchies.) To restore classical international law, and hence to restore peace, in the Middle East, first define normalcy, then work together on the path to it.

For Iran, what does it mean to be a normal country? It means Iran is a Gulf kingdom with Persian characteristics. With the Khamenei dynasty as the new Pahlavis. Still traditional. Never insane. Tourists welcome. Headscarves required. Don’t bring drugs or be gay. It’s fine. Impressive military parades, scientific achievements, architecture, etc. Typical Persian behavior. Moar Islam.

For Israel, what does it mean to be a normal country? I have no idea. I am not Israeli. And who can understand the Israelis? I suspect it means they kill everyone who messes with them, then settle down, make money and be gay. Have gay raves. Study the Talmud all day. This is also gay. It’s 2026, and everything is gay. It’s fine. Maybe it shouldn’t be this way—but it is.

Natural law is about living in reality as it is. No more liberal jihads to change the whole planet into something else it supposedly should be. Maybe Uganda doesn’t want to be gay. In that case, gay Ugandans should probably leave. The rest of our gay world can probably find a way to absorb them. Again, this is what “asylum” is for.

For the US, the meaning is very clear. Once we acknowledge without any pussyfooting that our precious “international community” is just FDR’s big gay Protestant world empire, and even that it goes all the way back to Cecil Rhodes’ Liberal-Imperialist secret-society boy-scout fantasies, we can acknowledge that America is not a normal country; and also, that the highest goal of our foreign policy is to find a way to become a normal country, without jeopardizing our national interest.

For a United States which is no longer a net energy importer, safely disengaging from the Middle East does not seem like the most trying of geopolitical challenges. Idk. Your mileage may vary.

Vattel in Hormuz

But let’s take a serious crack at applying these doctrines seriously to the sinister, ever-shifting swamps of Hormuz.

Alas, the Gray Mirror subscriber is too long neglected. I have to paywall you guys…

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gangsterofboats
6 hours ago
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